Get signatures in minutes, not days – Workers can easily request signatures from others, sign documents, and track and manage the entire process electronically.With Adobe Sign, workers and organizations can: Adobe Sign helps business transform paper processes, making 100% digital workflows a reality with trusted and legal e-signatures. The resulting delays frustrate customers, business partners and employees alike-and ultimately reflect poorly on the company’s brand. Workers spend countless hours hunting down approvals and ink signatures-and then print, scan, fax or mail documents to get the job done. Such a mitigation wouldn't end any bug classes, since sophisticated attackers could find other ways of leveraging vulnerabilities into kernel read/write primitives, but it would raise the bar and make simple exploit strategies like those used in voucher_swap much harder (and hopefully less reliable) to pull off.Eighty percent of businesses still struggle with paper-based processes that are slow, error-prone, and fragmented. For example, I could see Apple adding something akin to a _security_critical attribute that enables PAC for C pointers that are especially prone to being hijacked during exploits, such as ipc_port 's ip_kobject field. However, given the fragility of the current bypass technique (relying on, among other things, the single IOUserClient class that allows us to overwrite its IOExternalTrap, one of a very small number of usable PACIZA gadgets, and a handful of non-PAC'd JOP gadgets introduced by obfuscation), I believe it's possible for Apple to harden their implementation to the point that strong forgery bypasses become rare.įurthermore, PAC shows promise as a tool to make data-only kernel attacks trickier and less powerful. As with any complex new mitigation, loopholes are not uncommon in the first few iterations.
Apple's hardening of PAC in the A12 SoC, which was clearly designed to protect against kernel attackers with read/write, meant that I did not find a systematic break in the design and had to rely on signing gadgets, which are easy to patch via software. Despite these flaws, PAC remains a solid and worthwhile mitigation.
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